Study on Dynamic Change of Land Usage in Hongta District Based on Sentinel-2

This work utilizes Sentinel-2A L1C remote sensing photographs from the years 2018, 2020, and 2022 to identify the different land use categories in the study area using the support vector machine (SVM) technique. The accuracy of categorization is greater than 90%. This research explores four factors of the dynamic change in land use in Hongta District from 2018 to 2022: the proportion of various types of land;the extent of something like the changing land usage;land use transfer;and the dynamic degree of the change in land use. According to the study's results, the proportion of cultivated and grassland land grew, while the quantity of barren and construction land fell by 1.90 percent, 0.03 percent, and 0.69 percent, respectively. The water system land portion of total area increased by 2.58 percent and 0.13 percent, respectively. After comparing the two research periods, the entire dynamic degree of the second stage is determined to be 3.5 percent lower than that of the first stage, and the pace of land use change is quite sluggish, which may be associated with the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. The outcomes of the research may give the natural resources department the knowledge it needs to manage land resources properly. © 2023 SPIE.

[Epidemiological characteristics of an epidemic of 2019-nCoV Omicron variant infection in Beijing].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of an epidemic of COVID-19 in Haidian district, Beijing. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic, and field investigation and big data technology were used to analyze the transmission chain of the epidemic. Results: From April 27 to May 13, 2022, an epidemic of COVID-19 occurred in Haidian district. The strains isolated from the cases were identified by whole genome sequencing as Omicron variant (BA.2.2 evolutionary branch). A total of 38 infection cases were detected, including 34 confirmed cases and 4 asymptomatic cases. Most cases were mild ones (88.2%), no severe, critical or death cases occurred. The early clinical symptoms were mainly sore throat (50.0%) and cough (29.4%). The epidemic lasted for 17 days, resulting in 7 generations of the cases and involving 3 community transmissions, 2 working place transmissions and 8 family transmissions; the main infection routes were co-residence (47.6%) and co-space exposure (31.6%). The intergenerational interval M(Q1, Q3)was 3 (1, 6) days. The overall secondary attack rate was 1.5% (37/2 482), and the family secondary attack rate was 36.7% (18/49). Conclusions: The cases in this COVID-19 epidemic caused by Omicron variant had mild clinical symptoms, but the case clustering in families and communities was obvious, the transmission was rapid, and the risk for co-space exposure was high. It is necessary to use information technology to identify close contacts in the local population for the rapid and effective blocking of the epidemic spread.

Experience with tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors for the treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis in a UK medical centre

P217 Table 1Case series outcomes table Case no. IFX dose& regime Follow-up duration (months) Change in prednisolone dose Change in FDG-PET uptake Change in LV systolic function Change in arrythmia burden Adverse events Composite Endpoint Dose pre-IFX(mg) Dose post-IFX(mg) Pre-IFX Post-IFX LVEF pre-IFX (%) LVEF post-IFX(%) Pre-IFX Post-IFX Infections Heart failure VT/VF (requiring device) All-cause mortality Aborted SCD (device) Cardiac Transplant Case 1 IFX 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks (break after 10th dose due to covid pandemic;restarted 3 months later) 29 20 15 Active CS(SUVmax 11.1) Improvement(SUVmax3.5) 58 59 N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 Case 2 IFX 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks. Stopped after 15.6 months due to resolution 15.6 10 10 Active CS(SUVmax 10.2) Improvement(SUVmax 2.65) 55 62 VA 0 1 (chest infection) 0 0 0 0 0 Case 2Relapse (7 months after stopping IFX) due to VT and FDG uptake IFX 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks 12 10 10 Active CS(SUVmax 3.3) Improvement(no uptake) N/A 50 VA 0 0 Mild LVSD 0 0 0 0 Case 3 IFX 3 mg/kg0 weeks and 4 weeks;missed 8 weeks’ appointment due to COVID-19 10 20 20 Active CS(SUVmax 11.3) N/A 55 N/A 0 N/A 1 (Covid-19) 0 0 0 0 0 Case 4 IFX 3 mg/kg at 0, 2 and 8 weeks afterwards 16 20 10 Active CS(SUVmax 13) Improved(SUVmax 3.4) 45 66 VA N/A 0 0 0 1 (PFO and shunt/complications) 0 0 Case 5 IFX 3 mg/kg 0, 2, 6 and every 8 weeks 8.5 30 15 Active CS(SUVmax 11.3) Improved(no uptake) 46 51 VA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 6 IFX 3 mg/kg Mean=15.2 Mean=18.3 Mean=13.3 All had active CS 5 improved;1 data not available Mean=51.8 Mean=57.6 4 had VAs;1 data not available None had VA;3 had data not available 2 1 0 1 0 0 CS = cardiac sarcoidosis;FDG-PET =fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography;IFX = Infliximab;LV = left ventricular;LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction;LVSD = left ventricular systolic dysfunction;N/A = data not available;PFO= patent foramen ovale;

Managing Common and Catastrophic Risks in the Airline Industry

This chapter discusses risk management with a focus on the airline industry. The world has become acutely aware of major supply chain disruptions due to the COVID pandemic. Consumers, airline passengers, and companies are scrambling to understand and respond to these events. In that light, we begin the chapter with a brief overview of risk management, highlighting both common and catastrophic risks faced by companies and their supply chains. We then discuss approaches that companies employ to mitigate them. Our primary goal is to explore the risks that airlines face and the approaches they take to manage them, including fuel hedging, capacity management, and ticket pricing. Based on company interviews and our firsthand experience, we note that the airlines typically make these decisions in silos. Therefore, we introduce an analytical model that explicitly integrates them. We derive analytical results and propose directions for future research. We conclude with summary comments about managing risks once the world moves past COVID. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Prevalence of Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Survey of Rural Hubei, China

The prevalence of child maltreatment is quite high during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in rural Hubei province, and children from vulnerable families are at greater risk of self-harm behaviours. The impact of lockdown measures in Wuhan, China during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on child maltreatment remains unknown. The present study attempted to estimate the prevalence of child maltreatment during this period, to identify risk factors, and the influence of child maltreatment. A representative sample of 1,062 school-aged children in rural Hubei province was surveyed. Results indicated that the prevalence of family violence, physical violence, emotional abuse and neglect during the lockdown period were 13.9, 13.7, 20.2 and 7.3 percent, respectively, and that of lifetime prevalence were 17.0, 13.9, 14.6 and 6.9 percent, respectively. And most victims did not seek official help. Boys were more likely to experience physical violence. Children from separated/divorced families tended to report more emotional abuse. Those having family members with a history of drug abuse and mental illness were more likely to experience neglect during the lockdown period. All types of child maltreatment were positively associated with self-harm behaviours. These findings highlight the importance of identifying at-risk children immediately and implementing timely intervention programmes to prevent self-harm behaviours for social workers and health professionals.

Statistical analysis of the effect of aging on the prevalence of Covid-19

COVID-19 is the most severe global epidemic in recent years. Although the risk factors that influence the outbreak are unknown, it is known from the factors influencing past respiratory pandemics that ageing is one of the common factors affecting the spread of the disease. Therefore, this study uses R and SAS software to analyze the collected COVID-19 data from 191 different countries around the world in a progressive linear relationship, so as to explore whether ageing is one of the factors affecting the prevalence of COVID-19 in different countries around the world. According to the results, the factors affecting ageing are discussed, the limitations of the research method are analyzed, and advice on how older people can avoid getting COVID-19 is given. © 2021 ACM.

Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19 Infection: A Single-Center Experience

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 (CO19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant issue for global health, economics, and society. Several reports have shown that African Americans (AA) have been disproportionately affected by the CO19 pandemic. Limited data have suggested that sickle cell disease (SCD) could be one of the several reasons for higher morbidity and mortality related to CO19 among AA. Recent reports have suggested higher-than-average morbidity and mortality related to CO19 among patients with SCD. We conducted a retrospective, single-institution study in adult patients with SCD who were diagnosed with CO19 infection and their outcomes. Methods: After IRB approval, we conducted a chart review of adult patients (greater than 18 years) with SCD who were diagnosed with CO19 infection between March 1st, 2020, and March 31st, 2021. We recorded demographic data including age, gender, social factors (the type of insurance, availability of primary care provider (PCP), living alone/not), clinical parameters (type of SCD, co-morbidities), outpatient management of SCD, and how CO19 infection was managed like inpatient admission and complications. In patients who were admitted or seen in the emergency department (ED), we collected additional data including vitals, labs, the severity of illness, complications, length of stay, and outcomes. Computations were performed using statistical software SAS 9.4 for Windows. Results: We found a total of 51 patients with SCD diagnosed with CO19 infection in the above period. The median age of patients was 30 years. 61% were females and 39 % were males. All of them were AA. 11.76% were living alone, 49.02% were living with family, 1.96% (1 patient) was institutionalized, and the living situation was unknown in 37.25%. Most of the patients had Medicaid Insurance (52.94%), Medicare in 33.3%, private insurance in 13.73 % and 2% were uninsured. Only 64.71% of patients had a PCP. 60% had HbSS disease, 32% had HbSC disease, 4% had HbS-beta thalassemia, one patient each had HbSS with hereditary persistence of HbF and HbS/HbD. Comorbidities and previous history included acute chest syndrome in 65.96%, avascular necrosis in 36.96%, leg ulcers in 8.7%, hypertension in 8.7%, sickle cell retinopathy in 14.57%, cerebrovascular disease in 26.19%, chronic kidney disease in 7.69%, venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 20.41%, 10.41% were on anticoagulation, history of HIV and hepatitis C infection in 6.38%. 28.21% of patients were maintained on partial exchange transfusions as an outpatient for various indications. 72.73% were on hydroxyurea, 7.5% were on crizanlizumab, 5.26% were on voxelotor and 26.83% were on iron chelation. Vitals and pertinent lab values on initial assessment were recorded and many patients had missing data. On presentation, 25.53% were febrile, 29.17% of patients were tachycardic, 31.25% were hypoxic (SpO2 < 95%), 38.46% were tachypneic, 59.18% had a body mass index (BMI) of > 24.9. Median hemoglobin and hematocrit were 8.9/27.4 g/dL. The median white blood cell count was 9490/uL and platelets were 315,000/uL. Median ferritin was 1573 ug/L. Median bilirubin and creatinine were 2.05 mg/dL and 0.86 mg/dL. The patients were further stratified based on the clinical location where CO19 infection was managed (Table 1). 39.3% were diagnosed in the outpatient setting/ED and 60.3% in the inpatient setting. Among 51 patients, 5.71% (n=2) required ICU admission and was mechanically ventilated. 17.5% received dexamethasone, 7.69% received remdesivir, 2.76% received convalescent plasma, 17.07% had infections and 47% received antibiotics. Only one patient received an exchange transfusion during admission. One patient developed a new VTE after CO19 infection. On statistical analysis, the only factor which impacted the clinical location of management was tachycardia (P=0.007). Of the 51 patients, only 3.9% (2 patients) died of complications of CO19 infection, one with hypoxic respiratory failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, and the other one with pulmonary mbolism. 13% were readmitted within a month, one of them was admitted with a new pulmonary embolism and the others were admitted for acute painful episodes. Conclusion: We found a mortality rate of 3.9% in our single-center study of patients with SCD and CO19 infection. This mortality rate is lower than other published experiences in patients with SCD and CO19 infection. [Formula presented] Disclosures: Master: Blue Bird Bio: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company.

Research on the impact of Covid-19 to the clothing industry based on fama-french model

During the Covid-19 pandemic period, the U.S. government and the Federal Reserve started a radical monetary simulation plan to save the economy. The current capital market experiences more fluctuation and are more unpredictable. Capital asset pricing tools are more important at such a special time. This article uses the Fama-French five-factor Model and analyzes the clothing industry in the United States from July 2019 to November 2020, separating into pre and post pandemic periods. The regression analysis performed contains five coefficient factors, and each corresponds to a specific property of the clothing industry after Covid-19 emerged. The market factor indicates that the clothing industry is negatively affected by the pandemic. SMB shows that small businesses are more favorable to investors. HML indicates that value stocks are more preferred. RMW shows that investors tend to look for companies with higher profitability, whereas CMA indicates a minimal change to the clothing industry. It is recommended that more attention should be paid to the companies with small-cap, high BM ratio and stable profitability. © 2021 ACM.

Human prejudice to the healthcare social robot and the impact of human personality: An experiment of the online mental counseling

Robots have vastly influenced the healthcare practices. Ample studies have investigated the use of industrial robots, while leaving social robots an under-explored area. This research investigates human's prejudicial attitude on the social robots that conduct online mental counseling services. 80 participants are recruited, who have been told to receive counseling services either delivered by a human counselor or a robotic counselor. Given that the actual counseling services are all completed by the same human profession with carefully maintained quality consistency, the participants' diverged counseling satisfaction becomes a substantial proxy for their prejudiced attitudes on the robotic counselor. With significant lower counseling satisfaction, participants in the robot group particularly show bias on the "helpfulness", "support", and "inclusion" of counseling services. Furthermore, the personality trait of “openness” is found to significantly narrow the magnitude of human bias on social robot. Overall, this research contributes profound insights to post-Covid healthcare research and practices. © AMCIS 2021.

Disease, and treatment / thematic poster session lung ultrasound b-lines are frequently found in two easily accessible imaging sites in COVID-19 and relate to disease severity: Implications for screening, triage and prognosis

Rationale: Lung ultrasound B-lines artifacts represent abnormal interstitial thickening or edema, have been related to patient mortality, and are often visualized when imaging the anteroapex of the lung. Unlike other probe locations, these 2 sites on the upper chest can be readily accessed by healthcare givers and patients alike. In COVID-19 infection, the potential value of these sites for detecting early lung involvement depends not only on accessibility, but also on the relationship of its findings with significant disease. Therefore, as few ultrasound data exist from the lung apex in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia, we sought to report the prevalence of apical lung B-line artifacts in inpatients and their association with illness severity. Methods: In a 300-bed community hospital, medical and imaging data from inpatients with known COVID-19 infection who had been referred for echocardiography with lung imaging or who had received a lung point-of-care ultrasound study was reviewed for the presence of ≥3 B-lines (COMETS) in either anteroapex of the lungs. COVID-19 disease was categorized by the CDC Clinical Severity Scale on presentation as mild (no dyspnea, normal CXR/CT), moderate (abnormal CXR/CT, O2 sat>94%), severe (tachypnea, O2 sat <94%, infiltrates >50%), or critical (respiratory failure, shock, multiorgan system failure). Age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and time from onset of symptoms to the imaging study were analyzed for univariable associations with COMET presence and then considered with severity category in a reduced multivariable model using backwards elimination. Results: Of n=56 patients, age (mean±SD) was 63±16 years. COMETS were present in 35/56 (63%) of patients overall, and in 30/37 (81%) of severe-critical disease vs. 5/19 (26)% of mild-moderate disease (p=0.0002). Of the patients with vs. without COMETS, 31 (76%) vs. 10 (24%) had an abnormal CXR and 30 (79%) vs. 8 (21%) had O2 sat<94% on admission, respectively (p<0.05). In the multivariable model, obesity (OR=9.64[95%CI:2.19-68.48], p<0.007) and severe/critical disease (OR=19.47[95%CI:4.33-142.28], p<0.0006) best predicted the presence of COMETs. Conclusions: Ultrasound B-lines in the anteroapex of the lung are a prevalent finding in hospitalized COVID-19 infection and increase with disease severity and obesity, reaching >80% in severe/critical disease. This imaging site, in particular, may be ideal for outpatient screening, ER triage, or patient home imaging, where it may herald the need for early respiratory diagnosis, therapies or hospitalization. Future studies involving the prevalence, timing and outcome of outpatient ultrasound lung imaging may consider the use of this easily-accessed site on the chest wall. .